2021
Journal Articles
Delgado-Noboa, J.; Bernal, T.; Soler, J.; Peña, J. Á.
Kinetic modeling of batch Bioethanol production from CCN-51 Cocoa Mucilage Journal Article
In: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 128, 2021, ISSN: 18761070.
@article{nokey,
title = {Kinetic modeling of batch Bioethanol production from CCN-51 Cocoa Mucilage},
author = {J. Delgado-Noboa and T. Bernal and J. Soler and J. Á. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtice.2021.08.040},
issn = {18761070},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers},
volume = {128},
abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was the production of bioethanol generated during the fermentation of CCN-51 Cocoa mucilage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models: Logistic, modified Gompertz, and Andrews and Levenspiel. There are limited studies regarding the high energy potential of cocoa mucilage from Ecuador for bioethanol production as a gasoline additive. Currently, this by-product of the cocoa industry is considered as waste. Methods: Discontinuous fermentation was performed in a batch bioreactor under different conditions of pH, temperature and yeast concentration. During the reaction, bioethanol concentration, yeast and consumed substrate were evaluated by means of microdiffusion, dry weight by lyophilization and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Significant Findings: The result of the final bioethanol concentration was 25.41 g/L at a temperature of 35 °C, pH of 4 and yeast concentration of 3 g/L. The models were fitted with determination coefficients greater than 0.9. From the results, the logistic model was used to describe yeast growth. Modified Gompertz model is considered appropriate for modeling bioethanol production. Both models fit the data adequately; however, Andrews and Levenspiel model, besides of the good adjustment, considered inhibition terms of the substrate and product.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: The aim of this study was the production of bioethanol generated during the fermentation of CCN-51 Cocoa mucilage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models: Logistic, modified Gompertz, and Andrews and Levenspiel. There are limited studies regarding the high energy potential of cocoa mucilage from Ecuador for bioethanol production as a gasoline additive. Currently, this by-product of the cocoa industry is considered as waste. Methods: Discontinuous fermentation was performed in a batch bioreactor under different conditions of pH, temperature and yeast concentration. During the reaction, bioethanol concentration, yeast and consumed substrate were evaluated by means of microdiffusion, dry weight by lyophilization and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Significant Findings: The result of the final bioethanol concentration was 25.41 g/L at a temperature of 35 °C, pH of 4 and yeast concentration of 3 g/L. The models were fitted with determination coefficients greater than 0.9. From the results, the logistic model was used to describe yeast growth. Modified Gompertz model is considered appropriate for modeling bioethanol production. Both models fit the data adequately; however, Andrews and Levenspiel model, besides of the good adjustment, considered inhibition terms of the substrate and product.
Delgado-Noboa, J.; Bernal, T.; Soler, J.; Peña, J. Á.
Kinetic modeling of batch bioethanol production from CCN-51 Cocoa Mucilage Journal Article
In: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 128, 2021, ISSN: 18761070.
@article{nokey,
title = {Kinetic modeling of batch bioethanol production from CCN-51 Cocoa Mucilage},
author = {J. Delgado-Noboa and T. Bernal and J. Soler and J. Á. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtice.2021.08.040},
issn = {18761070},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers},
volume = {128},
abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was the production of bioethanol generated during the fermentation of CCN-51 Cocoa mucilage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models: Logistic, modified Gompertz, and Andrews and Levenspiel. There are limited studies regarding the high energy potential of cocoa mucilage from Ecuador for bioethanol production as a gasoline additive. Currently, this by-product of the cocoa industry is considered as waste. Methods: Discontinuous fermentation was performed in a batch bioreactor under different conditions of pH, temperature and yeast concentration. During the reaction, bioethanol concentration, yeast and consumed substrate were evaluated by means of microdiffusion, dry weight by lyophilization and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Significant Findings: The result of the final bioethanol concentration was 25.41 g/L at a temperature of 35 °C, pH of 4 and yeast concentration of 3 g/L. The models were fitted with determination coefficients greater than 0.9. From the results, the logistic model was used to describe yeast growth. Modified Gompertz model is considered appropriate for modeling bioethanol production. Both models fit the data adequately; however, Andrews and Levenspiel model, besides of the good adjustment, considered inhibition terms of the substrate and product.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: The aim of this study was the production of bioethanol generated during the fermentation of CCN-51 Cocoa mucilage with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models: Logistic, modified Gompertz, and Andrews and Levenspiel. There are limited studies regarding the high energy potential of cocoa mucilage from Ecuador for bioethanol production as a gasoline additive. Currently, this by-product of the cocoa industry is considered as waste. Methods: Discontinuous fermentation was performed in a batch bioreactor under different conditions of pH, temperature and yeast concentration. During the reaction, bioethanol concentration, yeast and consumed substrate were evaluated by means of microdiffusion, dry weight by lyophilization and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Significant Findings: The result of the final bioethanol concentration was 25.41 g/L at a temperature of 35 °C, pH of 4 and yeast concentration of 3 g/L. The models were fitted with determination coefficients greater than 0.9. From the results, the logistic model was used to describe yeast growth. Modified Gompertz model is considered appropriate for modeling bioethanol production. Both models fit the data adequately; however, Andrews and Levenspiel model, besides of the good adjustment, considered inhibition terms of the substrate and product.
2020
Journal Articles
Raso, R.; Tovar, M.; Lasobras, J.; Herguido, J.; Kumakiri, I.; Araki, S.; Menéndez, M.
In: Catalysis Today, 2020, ISSN: 09205861.
@article{Raso2020,
title = {Zeolite membranes: Comparison in the separation of H<inf>2</inf>O/H<inf>2</inf>/CO<inf>2</inf> mixtures and test of a reactor for CO<inf>2</inf> hydrogenation to methanol},
author = {R. Raso and M. Tovar and J. Lasobras and J. Herguido and I. Kumakiri and S. Araki and M. Menéndez},
doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.014},
issn = {09205861},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Catalysis Today},
abstract = {© 2020 Elsevier B.V. A zeolite membrane reactor can be employed for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The removal of water from the reaction environment would increase the reaction rate and the achievable conversion. The separation of water from mixtures containing CO2, hydrogen and water at suitable temperatures for this reaction was tested with several zeolite membranes (zeolite A, mordenite, zeolite T, chabazite and Ti-Chabazite). Zeolite A provided the best H2O/H2 separation factor. Preliminary experiments comparing a traditional reactor and the combination of a traditional reactor with a membrane reactor show that the yield of methanol was improved, in one case being higher than the limit corresponding to the thermodynamic equilibrium in a conventional reactor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. A zeolite membrane reactor can be employed for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The removal of water from the reaction environment would increase the reaction rate and the achievable conversion. The separation of water from mixtures containing CO2, hydrogen and water at suitable temperatures for this reaction was tested with several zeolite membranes (zeolite A, mordenite, zeolite T, chabazite and Ti-Chabazite). Zeolite A provided the best H2O/H2 separation factor. Preliminary experiments comparing a traditional reactor and the combination of a traditional reactor with a membrane reactor show that the yield of methanol was improved, in one case being higher than the limit corresponding to the thermodynamic equilibrium in a conventional reactor.
Zambrano, D.; Soler, J.; Herguido, J.; Menéndez, M.
Conventional and improved fluidized bed reactors for dry reforming of methane: Mathematical models Journal Article
In: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 393, 2020, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Zambrano2020,
title = {Conventional and improved fluidized bed reactors for dry reforming of methane: Mathematical models},
author = {D. Zambrano and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2020.124775},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {393},
abstract = {© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Dry reforming of methane is a potentially useful reaction, but has some drawbacks: catalyst deactivation by coke and yield limited by thermodynamic equilibrium. New improved fluidized bed reactors may compensate these disadvantages. Mathematical models for the dry reforming of methane in three types of fluidized bed reactors have been developed. These reactors include: a) conventional fluidized bed reactor, b) two zone fluidized bed reactor, which provides simultaneous reaction and catalyst regeneration in a single fluidized bed, and c) two-zone fluidized bed reactor with hydrogen selective membranes, which in addition to the previous one provides increased yield to hydrogen, because the selective removal of hydrogen through the membrane. The situations where these reactors counteract the two main drawbacks of dry reforming of methane are shown. Comparison with previous experimental results shows that the models predict well the effect of operating conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Dry reforming of methane is a potentially useful reaction, but has some drawbacks: catalyst deactivation by coke and yield limited by thermodynamic equilibrium. New improved fluidized bed reactors may compensate these disadvantages. Mathematical models for the dry reforming of methane in three types of fluidized bed reactors have been developed. These reactors include: a) conventional fluidized bed reactor, b) two zone fluidized bed reactor, which provides simultaneous reaction and catalyst regeneration in a single fluidized bed, and c) two-zone fluidized bed reactor with hydrogen selective membranes, which in addition to the previous one provides increased yield to hydrogen, because the selective removal of hydrogen through the membrane. The situations where these reactors counteract the two main drawbacks of dry reforming of methane are shown. Comparison with previous experimental results shows that the models predict well the effect of operating conditions.
Zapater, D.; Lasobras, J.; Soler, J.; Herguido, J.; Menéndez, M.
Counteracting sapo-34 catalyst deactivation in mto process using a two zone fluidized bed reactor: Reactor testing and process viability Journal Article
In: Catalysis Today, 2020, ISSN: 09205861.
@article{Zapater2020,
title = {Counteracting sapo-34 catalyst deactivation in mto process using a two zone fluidized bed reactor: Reactor testing and process viability},
author = {D. Zapater and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},
doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.025},
issn = {09205861},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Catalysis Today},
abstract = {© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Deactivation of SAPO-34 catalyst is a common problem in methanol to olefins (MTO) process. Due to its shape selectivity to olefins, SAPO-34 is one of the best zeolites for this purpose, but this advantage also makes its deactivation faster and more pronounced due to pore blockage or coke formation. Commonly, deactivation can be reduced by feeding water alongside with methanol, but this option only reduces but does not fully avoids deactivation. To solve this problem, we propose the use of a reactor in which reaction and regeneration of the catalyst take place simultaneously in the same unit. In this work, the comparison between conventional (CFBR) and two zone (TZFBR) fluidized bed reactors is presented, as well as a parametric study of some of the most important variables that define the TZFBR operation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Deactivation of SAPO-34 catalyst is a common problem in methanol to olefins (MTO) process. Due to its shape selectivity to olefins, SAPO-34 is one of the best zeolites for this purpose, but this advantage also makes its deactivation faster and more pronounced due to pore blockage or coke formation. Commonly, deactivation can be reduced by feeding water alongside with methanol, but this option only reduces but does not fully avoids deactivation. To solve this problem, we propose the use of a reactor in which reaction and regeneration of the catalyst take place simultaneously in the same unit. In this work, the comparison between conventional (CFBR) and two zone (TZFBR) fluidized bed reactors is presented, as well as a parametric study of some of the most important variables that define the TZFBR operation.
Lachén, J.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.
High purity hydrogen from biogas via steam iron process: Preventing reactor clogging by interspersed coke combustions Journal Article
In: Renewable Energy, vol. 151, pp. 619-626, 2020, ISSN: 18790682.
@article{nokey,
title = {High purity hydrogen from biogas via steam iron process: Preventing reactor clogging by interspersed coke combustions},
author = {J. Lachén and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.060},
issn = {18790682},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
volume = {151},
pages = {619-626},
abstract = {Production of high purity hydrogen from biogas by combined dry reforming of methane and steam iron process (SIP), outlines a serious drawback with the possible formation of coke deposits along reduction steps of the iron oxide. Steam used along reoxidations, which regenerates the iron oxide and force the release of high purity hydrogen, could also be responsible of the gasification of such coke deposits and the consequent contamination of hydrogen with carbonaceous species such as CO or CO2. Oxidations at low enough temperature can inhibit coke gasification, but paradoxically, increasing amounts of coke upon repeated cycles will provoke reactor clogging sooner or later. To circumvent this issue, a strategy consisting of interspersing coke combustion stages with diluted oxygen within the regular cycles of reduction with biogas and reoxidation with steam releasing hydrogen, has been analyzed with three solids based on iron oxide. It has been verified that including coke combustion stages within the regular scheme of redox cycles, not only counteracts both bed clogging and catalyst deactivation by coking, but also breaks down the trend to lose (by sintering) active material for the redox process, thus allowing the extension of the useful life of the solid.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Production of high purity hydrogen from biogas by combined dry reforming of methane and steam iron process (SIP), outlines a serious drawback with the possible formation of coke deposits along reduction steps of the iron oxide. Steam used along reoxidations, which regenerates the iron oxide and force the release of high purity hydrogen, could also be responsible of the gasification of such coke deposits and the consequent contamination of hydrogen with carbonaceous species such as CO or CO2. Oxidations at low enough temperature can inhibit coke gasification, but paradoxically, increasing amounts of coke upon repeated cycles will provoke reactor clogging sooner or later. To circumvent this issue, a strategy consisting of interspersing coke combustion stages with diluted oxygen within the regular cycles of reduction with biogas and reoxidation with steam releasing hydrogen, has been analyzed with three solids based on iron oxide. It has been verified that including coke combustion stages within the regular scheme of redox cycles, not only counteracts both bed clogging and catalyst deactivation by coking, but also breaks down the trend to lose (by sintering) active material for the redox process, thus allowing the extension of the useful life of the solid.
Lloreda-Jurado, P. J.; Pérez-Soriano, E. M.; Paúl, A.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.; Sepúlveda, R.
Doped iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity fabricated by freeze casting: pore morphology prediction and processing parameters Journal Article
In: Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom), vol. 36, iss. 11, 2020, ISSN: 17432847.
@article{nokey,
title = {Doped iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity fabricated by freeze casting: pore morphology prediction and processing parameters},
author = {P. J. Lloreda-Jurado and E. M. Pérez-Soriano and A. Paúl and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña and R. Sepúlveda},
doi = {10.1080/02670836.2020.1765096},
issn = {17432847},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom)},
volume = {36},
issue = {11},
abstract = {Iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity were fabricated using the freeze-casting technique. Doped iron oxide particles were employed to generate stable particle suspensions in camphene using the ball-milling technique. Viscosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of the milling time and the additive incorporation. The freeze-casting process implemented in this work created a wide diversity of solidification front velocities, (Formula presented.) (2–80 µm s−1), and thermal gradients, (Formula presented.) (0.2–20°C cm−1) during sample fabrication. The solidification problem of liquid/solid systems has often been reviewed, but usually only under steady-state conditions. This study presents a much simpler approach for the correlation of the average dendrite arm spacing (Formula presented.) and pore morphology with different processing parameters.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity were fabricated using the freeze-casting technique. Doped iron oxide particles were employed to generate stable particle suspensions in camphene using the ball-milling technique. Viscosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of the milling time and the additive incorporation. The freeze-casting process implemented in this work created a wide diversity of solidification front velocities, (Formula presented.) (2–80 µm s−1), and thermal gradients, (Formula presented.) (0.2–20°C cm−1) during sample fabrication. The solidification problem of liquid/solid systems has often been reviewed, but usually only under steady-state conditions. This study presents a much simpler approach for the correlation of the average dendrite arm spacing (Formula presented.) and pore morphology with different processing parameters.
Lachén, J.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.
High purity hydrogen from biogas via steam iron process: Preventing reactor clogging by interspersed coke combustions Journal Article
In: Renewable Energy, vol. 151, pp. 619-626, 2020, ISSN: 18790682.
@article{nokey,
title = {High purity hydrogen from biogas via steam iron process: Preventing reactor clogging by interspersed coke combustions},
author = {J. Lachén and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.060},
issn = {18790682},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
volume = {151},
pages = {619-626},
abstract = {Production of high purity hydrogen from biogas by combined dry reforming of methane and steam iron process (SIP), outlines a serious drawback with the possible formation of coke deposits along reduction steps of the iron oxide. Steam used along reoxidations, which regenerates the iron oxide and force the release of high purity hydrogen, could also be responsible of the gasification of such coke deposits and the consequent contamination of hydrogen with carbonaceous species such as CO or CO2. Oxidations at low enough temperature can inhibit coke gasification, but paradoxically, increasing amounts of coke upon repeated cycles will provoke reactor clogging sooner or later. To circumvent this issue, a strategy consisting of interspersing coke combustion stages with diluted oxygen within the regular cycles of reduction with biogas and reoxidation with steam releasing hydrogen, has been analyzed with three solids based on iron oxide. It has been verified that including coke combustion stages within the regular scheme of redox cycles, not only counteracts both bed clogging and catalyst deactivation by coking, but also breaks down the trend to lose (by sintering) active material for the redox process, thus allowing the extension of the useful life of the solid.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Production of high purity hydrogen from biogas by combined dry reforming of methane and steam iron process (SIP), outlines a serious drawback with the possible formation of coke deposits along reduction steps of the iron oxide. Steam used along reoxidations, which regenerates the iron oxide and force the release of high purity hydrogen, could also be responsible of the gasification of such coke deposits and the consequent contamination of hydrogen with carbonaceous species such as CO or CO2. Oxidations at low enough temperature can inhibit coke gasification, but paradoxically, increasing amounts of coke upon repeated cycles will provoke reactor clogging sooner or later. To circumvent this issue, a strategy consisting of interspersing coke combustion stages with diluted oxygen within the regular cycles of reduction with biogas and reoxidation with steam releasing hydrogen, has been analyzed with three solids based on iron oxide. It has been verified that including coke combustion stages within the regular scheme of redox cycles, not only counteracts both bed clogging and catalyst deactivation by coking, but also breaks down the trend to lose (by sintering) active material for the redox process, thus allowing the extension of the useful life of the solid.
Lloreda-Jurado, P. J.; Pérez-Soriano, E. M.; Paúl, A.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.; Sepúlveda, R.
Doped iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity fabricated by freeze casting: pore morphology prediction and processing parameters Journal Article
In: Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom), vol. 36, iss. 11, 2020, ISSN: 17432847.
@article{nokey,
title = {Doped iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity fabricated by freeze casting: pore morphology prediction and processing parameters},
author = {P. J. Lloreda-Jurado and E. M. Pérez-Soriano and A. Paúl and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña and R. Sepúlveda},
doi = {10.1080/02670836.2020.1765096},
issn = {17432847},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Materials Science and Technology (United Kingdom)},
volume = {36},
issue = {11},
abstract = {Iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity were fabricated using the freeze-casting technique. Doped iron oxide particles were employed to generate stable particle suspensions in camphene using the ball-milling technique. Viscosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of the milling time and the additive incorporation. The freeze-casting process implemented in this work created a wide diversity of solidification front velocities, (Formula presented.) (2–80 µm s−1), and thermal gradients, (Formula presented.) (0.2–20°C cm−1) during sample fabrication. The solidification problem of liquid/solid systems has often been reviewed, but usually only under steady-state conditions. This study presents a much simpler approach for the correlation of the average dendrite arm spacing (Formula presented.) and pore morphology with different processing parameters.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity were fabricated using the freeze-casting technique. Doped iron oxide particles were employed to generate stable particle suspensions in camphene using the ball-milling technique. Viscosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of the milling time and the additive incorporation. The freeze-casting process implemented in this work created a wide diversity of solidification front velocities, (Formula presented.) (2–80 µm s−1), and thermal gradients, (Formula presented.) (0.2–20°C cm−1) during sample fabrication. The solidification problem of liquid/solid systems has often been reviewed, but usually only under steady-state conditions. This study presents a much simpler approach for the correlation of the average dendrite arm spacing (Formula presented.) and pore morphology with different processing parameters.
Proceedings Articles
2019
Journal Articles
Zambrano, Daniel; Soler, Jaime; Herguido, Javier; Menéndez, Miguel
Kinetic Study of Dry Reforming of Methane Over Ni–Ce/Al2O3 Catalyst with Deactivation Journal Article
In: Topics in Catalysis, vol. 62, iss. 5-6, pp. 456-466, 2019, ISSN: 10225528.
@article{Zambrano2019,
title = {Kinetic Study of Dry Reforming of Methane Over Ni–Ce/Al2O3 Catalyst with Deactivation},
author = {Daniel Zambrano and Jaime Soler and Javier Herguido and Miguel Menéndez},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-019-01157-2},
doi = {10.1007/s11244-019-01157-2},
issn = {10225528},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Topics in Catalysis},
volume = {62},
issue = {5-6},
pages = {456-466},
publisher = {Springer US},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Durán, P.; Sanz-Martínez, A.; Soler, J.; Menéndez, M.; Herguido, J.
Pure hydrogen from biogas: Intensified methane dry reforming in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor using permselective membranes Journal Article
In: Chemical Engineering Journal, pp. 772-781, 2019, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{nokey,
title = {Pure hydrogen from biogas: Intensified methane dry reforming in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor using permselective membranes},
author = {P. Durán and A. Sanz-Martínez and J. Soler and M. Menéndez and J. Herguido},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.199},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.199},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
pages = {772-781},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Methane dry reforming of biogas can be a sustainable source of hydrogen but the development of this technology is hindered by limitations such as endothermicity and catalyst deactivation by coke. A two zone fluidized bed reactor coupling permselective Pd/Ag membranes counteracts them and allows to intensify the process obtaining a stable pure hydrogen production. Here we report the effect of operation variables (i.e., temperature, total bed height, nature and partial pressure of regenerative agent, relative height of the regeneration and reaction zones, and use of an activation period) on the yield to hydrogen and stability of the process. Hydrogen over-yields, compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor, in the range of +200% to +100% were obtained for the entire interval of temperatures 475–575 °C whilst maintaining stable operation by continuous catalyst regeneration. Around 70% of it was pure hydrogen coming from the permeate side of the membranes. The proposed reactor configuration greatly increases both methane conversion and selectivity to hydrogen (expressed as H 2 /CO ratio), not only in relation to our own conventional reactor findings but also regarding other published results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Methane dry reforming of biogas can be a sustainable source of hydrogen but the development of this technology is hindered by limitations such as endothermicity and catalyst deactivation by coke. A two zone fluidized bed reactor coupling permselective Pd/Ag membranes counteracts them and allows to intensify the process obtaining a stable pure hydrogen production. Here we report the effect of operation variables (i.e., temperature, total bed height, nature and partial pressure of regenerative agent, relative height of the regeneration and reaction zones, and use of an activation period) on the yield to hydrogen and stability of the process. Hydrogen over-yields, compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor, in the range of +200% to +100% were obtained for the entire interval of temperatures 475–575 °C whilst maintaining stable operation by continuous catalyst regeneration. Around 70% of it was pure hydrogen coming from the permeate side of the membranes. The proposed reactor configuration greatly increases both methane conversion and selectivity to hydrogen (expressed as H 2 /CO ratio), not only in relation to our own conventional reactor findings but also regarding other published results.
Lachén, J.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.
Production and purification of hydrogen by biogas combined reforming and steam-iron process Journal Article
In: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, ISSN: 03603199.
@article{nokey,
title = {Production and purification of hydrogen by biogas combined reforming and steam-iron process},
author = {J. Lachén and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.151},
issn = {03603199},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
abstract = {© 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC Cobalt ferrite and hematite with minor additives have been tested for production and purification of high purity hydrogen from a synthetic biogas by steam-iron process (SIP) in a fixed bed reactor. A catalyst based in nickel aluminate has been included in the bed of solids to enhance the rate of the reaction of methane dry reforming (MDR). The reductants resulting from MDR are responsible for reducing the oxides based on iron that will, in the following stage, be oxidized by steam to release hydrogen with less than 50 ppm of CO. Coke minimization along reduction stages forces to operate such reactors above 700 °C for reductions, and as low as 500 °C for oxidations to avoid coke gasification. To avoid problems such as reactor clogging by coke in reductions and/or contamination of hydrogen by gasification of coke along oxidations, steam in small proportions has been included in the feed with the aim of minimizing or even avoiding formation of carbonaceous depositions along the reduction stage of SIP. Since steam is an oxidant, it exerts an inhibiting effect upon reduction of the oxide, that slows down the efficiency of the process. It has been proved that co-feeding low proportions of steam with an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 (simulating a poor heating value desulphurized biogas) is able to avoid coke deposition, allowing the operation of both, reductions and oxidations, in isothermal regime (700 °C). Empirical results have been contrasted with data found in literature for similar processes based in MDR and combined (or mixed) reforming process (CMR), concluding that the combination of MDR + SIP proposed in this work, taking apart economic aspects and complex engineering, shows similar yields towards hydrogen, but with the advantage of not requiring a subsequent purification process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC Cobalt ferrite and hematite with minor additives have been tested for production and purification of high purity hydrogen from a synthetic biogas by steam-iron process (SIP) in a fixed bed reactor. A catalyst based in nickel aluminate has been included in the bed of solids to enhance the rate of the reaction of methane dry reforming (MDR). The reductants resulting from MDR are responsible for reducing the oxides based on iron that will, in the following stage, be oxidized by steam to release hydrogen with less than 50 ppm of CO. Coke minimization along reduction stages forces to operate such reactors above 700 °C for reductions, and as low as 500 °C for oxidations to avoid coke gasification. To avoid problems such as reactor clogging by coke in reductions and/or contamination of hydrogen by gasification of coke along oxidations, steam in small proportions has been included in the feed with the aim of minimizing or even avoiding formation of carbonaceous depositions along the reduction stage of SIP. Since steam is an oxidant, it exerts an inhibiting effect upon reduction of the oxide, that slows down the efficiency of the process. It has been proved that co-feeding low proportions of steam with an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 (simulating a poor heating value desulphurized biogas) is able to avoid coke deposition, allowing the operation of both, reductions and oxidations, in isothermal regime (700 °C). Empirical results have been contrasted with data found in literature for similar processes based in MDR and combined (or mixed) reforming process (CMR), concluding that the combination of MDR + SIP proposed in this work, taking apart economic aspects and complex engineering, shows similar yields towards hydrogen, but with the advantage of not requiring a subsequent purification process.
Menéndez, Miguel; Herguido, Javier; Bérard, Ariane; Patience, Gregory S.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds Journal Article
In: The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 97, iss. 9, pp. 2383-2394, 2019, ISSN: 0008-4034.
@article{nokey,
title = {Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds},
author = {Miguel Menéndez and Javier Herguido and Ariane Bérard and Gregory S. Patience},
doi = {10.1002/cjce.23517},
issn = {0008-4034},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering},
volume = {97},
issue = {9},
pages = {2383-2394},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Durán, P.; Sanz-Martínez, A.; Soler, J.; Menéndez, M.; Herguido, J.
Pure hydrogen from biogas: Intensified methane dry reforming in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor using permselective membranes Journal Article
In: Chemical Engineering Journal, pp. 772-781, 2019, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{nokey,
title = {Pure hydrogen from biogas: Intensified methane dry reforming in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor using permselective membranes},
author = {P. Durán and A. Sanz-Martínez and J. Soler and M. Menéndez and J. Herguido},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.199},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.199},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
pages = {772-781},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Methane dry reforming of biogas can be a sustainable source of hydrogen but the development of this technology is hindered by limitations such as endothermicity and catalyst deactivation by coke. A two zone fluidized bed reactor coupling permselective Pd/Ag membranes counteracts them and allows to intensify the process obtaining a stable pure hydrogen production. Here we report the effect of operation variables (i.e., temperature, total bed height, nature and partial pressure of regenerative agent, relative height of the regeneration and reaction zones, and use of an activation period) on the yield to hydrogen and stability of the process. Hydrogen over-yields, compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor, in the range of +200% to +100% were obtained for the entire interval of temperatures 475–575 °C whilst maintaining stable operation by continuous catalyst regeneration. Around 70% of it was pure hydrogen coming from the permeate side of the membranes. The proposed reactor configuration greatly increases both methane conversion and selectivity to hydrogen (expressed as H 2 /CO ratio), not only in relation to our own conventional reactor findings but also regarding other published results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Methane dry reforming of biogas can be a sustainable source of hydrogen but the development of this technology is hindered by limitations such as endothermicity and catalyst deactivation by coke. A two zone fluidized bed reactor coupling permselective Pd/Ag membranes counteracts them and allows to intensify the process obtaining a stable pure hydrogen production. Here we report the effect of operation variables (i.e., temperature, total bed height, nature and partial pressure of regenerative agent, relative height of the regeneration and reaction zones, and use of an activation period) on the yield to hydrogen and stability of the process. Hydrogen over-yields, compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor, in the range of +200% to +100% were obtained for the entire interval of temperatures 475–575 °C whilst maintaining stable operation by continuous catalyst regeneration. Around 70% of it was pure hydrogen coming from the permeate side of the membranes. The proposed reactor configuration greatly increases both methane conversion and selectivity to hydrogen (expressed as H 2 /CO ratio), not only in relation to our own conventional reactor findings but also regarding other published results.
Lachén, J.; Herguido, J.; Peña, J. A.
Production and purification of hydrogen by biogas combined reforming and steam-iron process Journal Article
In: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, ISSN: 03603199.
@article{nokey,
title = {Production and purification of hydrogen by biogas combined reforming and steam-iron process},
author = {J. Lachén and J. Herguido and J. A. Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.151},
issn = {03603199},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
abstract = {© 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC Cobalt ferrite and hematite with minor additives have been tested for production and purification of high purity hydrogen from a synthetic biogas by steam-iron process (SIP) in a fixed bed reactor. A catalyst based in nickel aluminate has been included in the bed of solids to enhance the rate of the reaction of methane dry reforming (MDR). The reductants resulting from MDR are responsible for reducing the oxides based on iron that will, in the following stage, be oxidized by steam to release hydrogen with less than 50 ppm of CO. Coke minimization along reduction stages forces to operate such reactors above 700 °C for reductions, and as low as 500 °C for oxidations to avoid coke gasification. To avoid problems such as reactor clogging by coke in reductions and/or contamination of hydrogen by gasification of coke along oxidations, steam in small proportions has been included in the feed with the aim of minimizing or even avoiding formation of carbonaceous depositions along the reduction stage of SIP. Since steam is an oxidant, it exerts an inhibiting effect upon reduction of the oxide, that slows down the efficiency of the process. It has been proved that co-feeding low proportions of steam with an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 (simulating a poor heating value desulphurized biogas) is able to avoid coke deposition, allowing the operation of both, reductions and oxidations, in isothermal regime (700 °C). Empirical results have been contrasted with data found in literature for similar processes based in MDR and combined (or mixed) reforming process (CMR), concluding that the combination of MDR + SIP proposed in this work, taking apart economic aspects and complex engineering, shows similar yields towards hydrogen, but with the advantage of not requiring a subsequent purification process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC Cobalt ferrite and hematite with minor additives have been tested for production and purification of high purity hydrogen from a synthetic biogas by steam-iron process (SIP) in a fixed bed reactor. A catalyst based in nickel aluminate has been included in the bed of solids to enhance the rate of the reaction of methane dry reforming (MDR). The reductants resulting from MDR are responsible for reducing the oxides based on iron that will, in the following stage, be oxidized by steam to release hydrogen with less than 50 ppm of CO. Coke minimization along reduction stages forces to operate such reactors above 700 °C for reductions, and as low as 500 °C for oxidations to avoid coke gasification. To avoid problems such as reactor clogging by coke in reductions and/or contamination of hydrogen by gasification of coke along oxidations, steam in small proportions has been included in the feed with the aim of minimizing or even avoiding formation of carbonaceous depositions along the reduction stage of SIP. Since steam is an oxidant, it exerts an inhibiting effect upon reduction of the oxide, that slows down the efficiency of the process. It has been proved that co-feeding low proportions of steam with an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 (simulating a poor heating value desulphurized biogas) is able to avoid coke deposition, allowing the operation of both, reductions and oxidations, in isothermal regime (700 °C). Empirical results have been contrasted with data found in literature for similar processes based in MDR and combined (or mixed) reforming process (CMR), concluding that the combination of MDR + SIP proposed in this work, taking apart economic aspects and complex engineering, shows similar yields towards hydrogen, but with the advantage of not requiring a subsequent purification process.
Lasobras, J.; Soler, J.; Herguido, J.; Menéndez, M.; Jimenez, A.; Silva, M.; Franco, M. J.; Barrio, I.; Làzaro, J.
Methane aromatization in a fluidized bed reactor: Parametric study Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 7, iss. FEB, 2019, ISSN: 2296598X.
@article{Lasobras2019,
title = {Methane aromatization in a fluidized bed reactor: Parametric study},
author = {J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez and A. Jimenez and M. Silva and M. J. Franco and I. Barrio and J. Làzaro},
doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2019.00008},
issn = {2296598X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
volume = {7},
issue = {FEB},
abstract = {© 2019 Lasobras, Soler, Herguido, Menéndez, Jimenez, da Silva, Franco, Barrio and Làzaro. Methane aromatization is a promising technology for the transformation of natural gas into liquid products, but suffers from the problem of catalyst deactivation by coke. A two-zone fluidized bed reactor has been proposed as a tool to counteract the catalyst deactivation, by providing continuous catalyst regeneration in the same vessel where the main reaction is carried out. This work shows the effect of the main operating conditions (carburization temperature, reaction temperature, carburization time, nature of regenerating agent and feed flow and height of the hydrocarbon entry point). Optimal reduction time and temperature were 1 h and 350°C. Best conversion and selectivity were achieved at 700°C without catalyst deactivation in the TZFBR.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2019 Lasobras, Soler, Herguido, Menéndez, Jimenez, da Silva, Franco, Barrio and Làzaro. Methane aromatization is a promising technology for the transformation of natural gas into liquid products, but suffers from the problem of catalyst deactivation by coke. A two-zone fluidized bed reactor has been proposed as a tool to counteract the catalyst deactivation, by providing continuous catalyst regeneration in the same vessel where the main reaction is carried out. This work shows the effect of the main operating conditions (carburization temperature, reaction temperature, carburization time, nature of regenerating agent and feed flow and height of the hydrocarbon entry point). Optimal reduction time and temperature were 1 h and 350°C. Best conversion and selectivity were achieved at 700°C without catalyst deactivation in the TZFBR.
Menéndez, Miguel; Herguido, Javier; Bérard, Ariane; Patience, Gregory S.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds Journal Article
In: The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 97, iss. 9, pp. 2383-2394, 2019, ISSN: 0008-4034.
@article{nokey,
title = {Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds},
author = {Miguel Menéndez and Javier Herguido and Ariane Bérard and Gregory S. Patience},
doi = {10.1002/cjce.23517},
issn = {0008-4034},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering},
volume = {97},
issue = {9},
pages = {2383-2394},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2018
Journal Articles
Yus, Miriam; Soler, Jaime; Herguido, Javier; Menéndez, Miguel
Glycerol steam reforming with low steam/glycerol ratio in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor Journal Article
In: Catalysis Today, vol. 299, iss. July 2017, pp. 317-327, 2018, ISSN: 09205861.
@article{Yus2018,
title = {Glycerol steam reforming with low steam/glycerol ratio in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor},
author = {Miriam Yus and Jaime Soler and Javier Herguido and Miguel Menéndez},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.040},
doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.040},
issn = {09205861},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Catalysis Today},
volume = {299},
issue = {July 2017},
pages = {317-327},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The production of hydrogen from glycerol steam reforming has been studied in several reactors. In conventional reactors the catalyst is deactivated by coke: in fixed bed reactors plugging was observed if a low steam/glycerol ratio was employed, while in fluidized bed reactors it was possible to operate for a longer time-on-stream. The use of a two-zone fluidized bed reactor is studied in this work, as a method to counteract the problem of catalyst deactivation by coke. The glycerol reforming takes place in the upper part of this reactor while the catalyst is simultaneously regenerated in the lower part, where a stream of a regenerating gas is introduced. It has been found that CO2, O2 or H2O can act as regenerating gas in a two-zone-fluidized bed reactor, allowing steady state operation at a water:glycerol molar ratio as low as 1.25. The effect of the operating conditions has been studied and the yield to the main products was compared with the calculated values assuming thermodynamic equilibrium.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The production of hydrogen from glycerol steam reforming has been studied in several reactors. In conventional reactors the catalyst is deactivated by coke: in fixed bed reactors plugging was observed if a low steam/glycerol ratio was employed, while in fluidized bed reactors it was possible to operate for a longer time-on-stream. The use of a two-zone fluidized bed reactor is studied in this work, as a method to counteract the problem of catalyst deactivation by coke. The glycerol reforming takes place in the upper part of this reactor while the catalyst is simultaneously regenerated in the lower part, where a stream of a regenerating gas is introduced. It has been found that CO2, O2 or H2O can act as regenerating gas in a two-zone-fluidized bed reactor, allowing steady state operation at a water:glycerol molar ratio as low as 1.25. The effect of the operating conditions has been studied and the yield to the main products was compared with the calculated values assuming thermodynamic equilibrium.
Lachén, J.; Durán, P.; Menéndez, M.; Peña, J. A.; Herguido, J.
Biogas to high purity hydrogen by methane dry reforming in TZFBR+MB and exhaustion by Steam-Iron Process. Techno–economic assessment Journal Article
In: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, iss. 26, 2018, ISSN: 03603199.
@article{nokey,
title = {Biogas to high purity hydrogen by methane dry reforming in TZFBR+MB and exhaustion by Steam-Iron Process. Techno–economic assessment},
author = {J. Lachén and P. Durán and M. Menéndez and J. A. Peña and J. Herguido},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.105},
issn = {03603199},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
volume = {43},
issue = {26},
abstract = {A techno-economic study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the performance (product distribution and energy yields) and estimating the production costs of high purity hydrogen obtained from biogas. For such purpose and taking advantage of empirical data developed in our laboratory, it has been proposed a system consisting of a two-zone fluidized bed reactor aided by a system of permselective (Pd/Ag) metallic membranes inserted in the fluidized bed (TZFBR+MB), and a battery of several fixed bed reactors operating cycles of reduction and oxidation (Steam-Iron Process -SIP-). The feed has always been an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 simulating a sweetened biogas. The first reactor (TZFBR+MB) can produce a stream of pure hydrogen (i.e. PEMFC quality) as permeated flow through the MB, and a retentate stream rich in all species resulting from the methane dry reforming reaction (MDR) and the water gas shift equilibrium (WGS). The singularity of this kind of complex reactors is that regeneration of the catalyst is performed in the same reactor and simultaneously to the MDR reaction because of the two-zone. Due to the reductive behavior of the retentate stream, it can be fed to a bed of solid where up to two different oxygen carriers (iron oxide with additives and cobalt ferrite) can be reduced to their metallic state. Once the solid has been completely reduced, it can be reoxidized with steam releasing a high purity hydrogen stream. Both reactors (i.e. TZFBR+MB and SIP) have been coupled in different degrees. A performance (hydrogen and energy yields) as well as costs analysis (fixed assets and operating costs) have been performed with the aid of Aspen HYSYS v9.0, used for dimensioning the equipment needed to process up to 1350 kg/h of biogas. On this way, the integrated process enhances the efficiencies of every single process allowing pure hydrogen yields up to 68% at 575 °C in the TZFBR+MB and an overall energy efficiency greater than 45%. Production costs have been found to be in the range from 4 to 15 €/kg, still high but not so far away from the target of DOE fixed in 2 $/kg by 2020.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A techno-economic study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the performance (product distribution and energy yields) and estimating the production costs of high purity hydrogen obtained from biogas. For such purpose and taking advantage of empirical data developed in our laboratory, it has been proposed a system consisting of a two-zone fluidized bed reactor aided by a system of permselective (Pd/Ag) metallic membranes inserted in the fluidized bed (TZFBR+MB), and a battery of several fixed bed reactors operating cycles of reduction and oxidation (Steam-Iron Process -SIP-). The feed has always been an equimolar mixture of CH4 and CO2 simulating a sweetened biogas. The first reactor (TZFBR+MB) can produce a stream of pure hydrogen (i.e. PEMFC quality) as permeated flow through the MB, and a retentate stream rich in all species resulting from the methane dry reforming reaction (MDR) and the water gas shift equilibrium (WGS). The singularity of this kind of complex reactors is that regeneration of the catalyst is performed in the same reactor and simultaneously to the MDR reaction because of the two-zone. Due to the reductive behavior of the retentate stream, it can be fed to a bed of solid where up to two different oxygen carriers (iron oxide with additives and cobalt ferrite) can be reduced to their metallic state. Once the solid has been completely reduced, it can be reoxidized with steam releasing a high purity hydrogen stream. Both reactors (i.e. TZFBR+MB and SIP) have been coupled in different degrees. A performance (hydrogen and energy yields) as well as costs analysis (fixed assets and operating costs) have been performed with the aid of Aspen HYSYS v9.0, used for dimensioning the equipment needed to process up to 1350 kg/h of biogas. On this way, the integrated process enhances the efficiencies of every single process allowing pure hydrogen yields up to 68% at 575 °C in the TZFBR+MB and an overall energy efficiency greater than 45%. Production costs have been found to be in the range from 4 to 15 €/kg, still high but not so far away from the target of DOE fixed in 2 $/kg by 2020.